Labor Unrest in Newly Independent Bangladesh, 1972-1975: Nationalization, Neglect, and the Rise of Labor Movements

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Author: Mst. Nasima Hamid

Keywords: War-torn Country, Nationalization, Lal Bahini, Opportunistic leadership, Exploitation, Unrest.

Journal: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Hum.) - 71(1) - June 2026

Page Numbers: 141-163

Published At: June 2026

DOI: 10.64298/jasbhum.v71i.006

Abstract:

This paper examines how the dissatisfaction of Bangladeshi laborers evolved into organized labor movements, focusing on the discrimination they faced in the newly independent country during 1972-1975. Following Bangladesh’s independence in 1971, approximately 85% of industries were nationalized. However, instead of empowering workers, the government recruited politically affiliated individuals who lacked the necessary knowledge and experience for key managerial positions. The Jatiya Sramik League (National Workers’ League), backed by the ruling party and supported by the paramilitary Lal Bahini, emerged as a major labor organization closely aligned with state interests. Despite initial hopes, factory workers faced greater hardships under this new structure, leading them to fight for their rights. This paper also sheds light on the nature and intensity of these discriminations. Ultimately, the central argument is that in newly independent Bangladesh, various crises, along with systemic oppression and discrimination, compelled laborers to participate in organized labor movements.